SBR-BAF组合工艺在肉鸡屠宰废水处理工程中的应用研究

屠宰废水有机污染物浓度较高,且含有脂肪、蛋白质等大分子有机物和毛发等杂物。采用前处理、SBR-BAF组合处理工艺在铁岭市某肉鸡屠宰企业废水处理工程的实际应用,取得了较为显著的效果。出水水质满足《辽宁省废水综合排放标准》(DB 21/1627-2008)直排标准和《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》(GB13457-92)[1]动植物油一级标准要求。组合处理工艺、设备运行安全可靠,可在同类肉鸡屠宰废水处理工程中推广应用。     

低强度超声波强化SMBR处理中的超声波参数优化研究

研究了利用低强度超声波强化低温一体式膜生物反应器（SMBR）污水生物处理中最优超声波参数的选择。结果表明,功率密度为0.27 W/L、辐照时间为20 min时,超声波对低温SMBR中COD去除的强化效果最佳。SMBR对NH3-N去除效果达到最佳时,超声波功率密度和辐照时间分别为0.27 W/L和15 min。综合考虑,选择更有利于低温时NH3-N去除的超声波参数：功率密度0.27 W/L、辐照时间15 min。经此超声波处理后COD、NH3-N的强化效果在24 h均能保持,故可设置超声波处理的时间间隔为24 h。     

生活污水处理厂污泥处置技术研究

针对生活污水处理厂污泥处置技术,介绍了国内外污泥的处理现状,提出了传统的污泥处置技术,主要是海洋倾倒,污泥消化技术法,污泥堆肥技术法,污泥的土地利用和污泥的有效利用法,给出林地利用与绿化利用随着污泥量的增长,污泥的处置越来越来受到人们的关注。介绍了国内外污泥处理现状和传统污泥处理处置方法,分析了污泥稳定和资源化处置技术及应用进展,提出了污泥堆肥和堆肥后污泥的土地利用是符合中国国情的污泥处置与资源化利用途径。     

渭河流域关中段城镇污水处理厂污泥处理技术调查与分析研究

根据渭河流域关中段的污染状况及《(渭河流域水污染防治三年行动方案(2012-2014年)》对科技攻关的实际需求,采用资料搜集、实地调查、问卷发放、数理统计等方式对渭河流域关中段55座城镇污水处理厂的污泥处理情况进行了调查与分析。根据调查分析结果,提出了渭河流域关中段城镇污水处理厂污泥处理技术在应用过程中存在的一些问题,并结合该流域实际情况提出了相应建议,期望能够对该流域污泥处理技术的良性发展提供"第一手"的参考资料。     

大孔网状聚氨酯载体MBBR工艺处理低浓度硝基苯废水实验研究

利用大孔网状聚氨酯载体在MBBR工艺条件下,研究了系统挂膜与启动过程,同时利用挂膜成熟稳定的载体进行低浓度硝基苯废水处理实验。研究结果表明,在20℃条件下培养的活性污泥生长状况良好,挂膜速度快,生物膜厚度大,耐冲击负荷。在MBBR反应时间24 h、材料投加量为1/4、硝基苯初始浓度为2.095mg/L的条件下,处理低浓度硝基苯废水的效果最好,CODcr去除率为92.58%,硝基苯去除率为49.82%。     

某麦芽生产厂废水管理与处理实践研究

麦芽生产过程包括清选、浸麦、发芽、烘干以及除根等工序,废水主要来自于浸麦、发芽等工序。某麦芽生产厂根据麦芽过程用水和废水产生的特点,采用设备改进、加强工艺管理、用水管理、废水回用、提高员工技能等措施,通过源头削减和生产全过程控制,合理调节生产用水,降低生产用水量和废水产生量,麦芽生产水耗指标为2.4 m3水/吨麦芽。麦芽废水采用SBR工艺进行处理,出水水质满足排放标准要求。该麦芽企业废水管理和处理经验为同行业提供了较好的案例。     

亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定废水硫化物的不确定度评定研究

分析了应用亚甲基蓝分光光度(GB/T16489-1996)测定废水硫化物测试过程中不确定度影响因素,主要来源为硫化物标准溶液、标准曲线拟合、随机效应、分光光度计和取样体积这五部分。本测量合成相对标准不确定度0.025 9;其中由测定样品质量引入的不确定度为0.024 7;由样品体积引入的不确定度为0.007 7。本次废水中硫化物测量结果为:0.110±0.006 mg/L,k=2(包含概率约为95%)。     

城市污染河湖的综合整治技术及应用研究

分析了城市污染河流和湖泊污染的原因,将污染河流和湖泊治理的方法分为＂物理法、化学法、生物法、生态法＂共四大类,介绍了常用技术方法的原理和特点。根据河流和湖泊的污染现状和治理目标,提出了城市污染河湖的综合整治分为＂治理＂与＂生态修复＂两个阶段,探讨了采用＂截污、清淤、曝气、生物载体、水生植物＂等综合应用技术治理河湖的必要性和迫切性,并结合近年来国内河湖综合整治的典型案例,总结了河湖整治过程的＂基础措施＂和＂关键措施＂。     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.     

Enhanced struvite recovery from wastewater using a novel cone-inserted fluidized bed reactor

The feasibility of struvite recovery at low （12.5 mg/L） and high （120 mg[L） phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones （FBRwc） and without cones （FBRwoc）. The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times （HRT = 1-10 hr）, pH （7.5-10）, and molar ratios of Mg/P （0.75-1.75）, N/P （1-10） and Ca/Mg （0-2）. The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction （17%-31%）, the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low （47%-65%） for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite （〉 99%）. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters （pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg） were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater.